I have an unencrypted/unencoded string – "565040574". I also have the encrypted/encoded string for this string – "BSubW2AUWrSCL7dk9ucoiA==".
It looks like this string has been Base64ed after encryption, but I don’t know which encryption algorithm has been used. If I convert “BSubW2AUWrSCL7dk9ucoiA==” string to bytes using Convert.FromBase64String("BSubW2AUWrSCL7dk9ucoiA=="), I get 16 bytes.
Is there anything using which I can know what type of encryption has been used to encrypt the "565040574" to "BSubW2AUWrSCL7dk9ucoiA=="?
No, there is nothing to tell you how it was encrypted. If you don’t have the key to decrypt it then you will be out of luck anyway.
If the plan was to save this to a file or send it in email then it would be base-64 encoded, so that was a good guess.
You may be able to narrow down what it is not by looking at the fact that you have 7 bytes of padding perhaps, but whether it was IDEA or Blowfish or AES, there is no way to know.