
I have developed simple websites and hosted them on shared networks, mainly godaddy. So, i never came across the issue of having a server OS and other things related with self hosting.
Above, i have tried to make a flow chart of architecture, software stack or technologies, whatever you say, to understand what really is required.
Please correct me if my understanding is wrong
Also, tell me if there is any framework available for fast development in PHP, like .NET is there for C#. Or is it just on the go language(PHP)
Sure, there are lots of frameworks for PHP (and pretty much every language):
http://codeigniter.com/
http://cakephp.org/
http://framework.zend.com/
There are many others: http://www.phpframeworks.com/