Question

I have looked at a number answers to questions here on Stack Overflow trying to find a solution to my problem in using the Reactive Banana library. All the answers use some magic using ‘mapAccum’ that I can’t quite understand. Looking at the API documentation all I find is “Efficient combination of accumE and accumB.” which is not very helpful.

It seems that this function can be used to compare the values of a Behavior at the time of two consecutive events which is what I’d like to do. But I not clear how to make that work.

How exactly does mapAccum work?

Answer 1

Notice that

mapAccum :: acc -> Event t (acc -> (x, acc)) -> (Event t x, Behavior t acc)

so it takes an initial value :: acc to accumulate on, and an Event which produces a function that
updates that accumulated value whilst producing an output value ::x. (Typically you’d make such an event by partially applying some function via <$>.)
As a result you get a new Event that fires your x values whenever they turn up and a Behaviour containing
your current accumulated value.

Use mapAccum if you have an event and you want to make a related behaviour and event.

For example in your problem domain from your other question, suppose you have an event eTime :: Event t Int that fired erratically and you wanted to calculate eDeltaTime :: Event t Int for the differences and bTimeAgain :: Behaviour t Int
for the currently used time:

type Time = Int
type DeltaTime = Time 

getDelta :: Time -> Time -> (DeltaTime,Time)
getDelta new old = (new-old,new)

I could have written that getDelta new = \old -> (new-old,new) to make the next step clearer:

deltaMaker :: Event t (Time -> (DeltaTime,Time))
deltaMaker = getDelta <$> eTime

(eDeltaT,bTimeAgain) = mapAccum 0 $ deltaMaker

In this case, bTimeAgain would be a behaviour with the same value as the events in eTime. This happens
because my getDelta function passes new straight through unchanged from eTime to the acc value.
(If I wanted bTimeAgain on its own, I would have used stepper :: a -> Event t a -> Behaviour t a.)
If I don’t need bTimeAgain, I could just write (eDeltaT,_) = mapAccum 0 $ deltaMaker.