Question

I have the following function executing PDO queries:

  // removed error handling for presenting here
  function getRows($sql) {
      $stmt = $this->db->query($sql);
      $result = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);          
      return $result;            
    } 
  }

The result is:

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [id] => 1
            [category] => Audi
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [id] => 2
            [category] => BMW
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [id] => 3
            [category] => Chrysler
        )

)

The the following foreach code:

foreach($result as $key => $value ) {
  echo $value.'<br/>';
}

outputs this:

Array
Array
Array

What can I do so it returns the following?

Audi
BMW
Chrysler

I understand that I could just do $value['category].

But that’s not what I want to achieve / understand. I would like the resultset not to be an array of arrays.

Answer 1

try

foreach($result as $key => $value ) {
  echo $value['category'].'<br/>';
}

Alternative

foreach($result as $k)
{
    echo $k['category'];
}