Question

I have written this code which is simple

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

void printLastLetter(char **str)
{
    printf("%c\n",*(*str + strlen(*str) - 1));
    printf("%c\n",**(str + strlen(*str) - 1));
}

int main()
{
    char *str = "1234556";
    printLastLetter(&str);
    return 1;
}

Now, if I want to print the last char in a string I know the first line of printLastLetter is the right line of code. What I don’t fully understand is what the difference is between *str and **str. The first one is an array of characters, and the second??
Also, what is the difference in memory allocation between char *str and str[10]?
Thnks

Answer 1

char* is a pointer to char, char ** is a pointer to a pointer to char.

char *ptr; does NOT allocate memory for characters, it allocates memory for a pointer to char.

char arr[10]; allocates 10 characters and arr holds the address of the first character. (though arr is NOT a pointer (not char *) but of type char[10])

For demonstration: char *str = "1234556"; is like:

char *str;         // allocate a space for char pointer on the stack
str = "1234556";   // assign the address of the string literal "1234556" to str

As @Oli Charlesworth commented, if you use a pointer to a constant string, such as in the above example, you should declare the pointer as const – const char *str = "1234556"; so if you try to modify it, which is not allowed, you will get a compile-time error and not a run-time access violation error, such as segmentation fault. If you’re not familiar with that, please look here.

Also see the explanation in the FAQ of newsgroup comp.lang.c.