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I hope this question is not too vague, but coming from java, I can not think of any reason why I would use non-virtual functions in C++.
Is there a nice example which demonstrates the benefit of non-virtual functions in C++.
Virtual functions have a runtime cost associated with them. They are dispatched at runtime and thus are slower to call. They are similar to calling regular functions through a function pointer, where the address is determined at runtime according to the actual type of the object. This incurs overhead.
One of the C++ design decisions has always been that you should not pay for things you don’t need. In contrast, Java does not concern itself much with this kind of low-level optimization.