I need to implement some kind of metric space search in Postgres(*) (PL or PL/Python). So, I’m looking for good sources (or papers) with a very clear and crisp explanation of the machinery behind these ideas, in such way that I can implement it myself.
I would prefer clarity over efficiency.
(*) The need for that is described better here.
Especially for geographical data, look at PostGIS first to see if you need to implement anything. If you do, start with the papers listed in the Wikipedia entry on GiST.
Looking at your link, it seems your metric space is strings with some sort of edit distance as the metric. A nice but oldish overview of some solutions is given by Navarro, Baeza-Yates, Sutinen, and Tarhio, IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin, 2001; the related papers on Citeseer could also be useful. Locality Sensitive Hashing is a newer technique that might be useful, but a lot of the papers are heavy on math.