Question

I read through the ruby docs examples but I’m still not sure what is happening in this code:

sentence = "How are you?"
sentence.chars.reduce do |memo, char|
    %w[a e i o u y].include?(char) ? memo + char * 5 : memo + char
end

What is the memo when the block of code is first executed? What do the subsequent 5 steps look like?

Answer 1

Since you didn’t provide a default value for reduce, it will set memo to be the first value in sentence.chars, which is "H".

Iteration #1:

• memo is "H"
• char is "o"
• Result of the block is "Hooooo"

The result of the first iteration is then passed into the block as the first argument. So in iteration #2:

• memo is "Hooooo"
• char is "w"
• Result of the block is "Hooooow"

This will continue for each element of the array and the end result will be the result of the block after it is applied to the last element.

A trivial way to see this in action is just executing the following code:

sentence = "How are you?"
sentence.chars.reduce do |memo, char|
  puts "Memo = #{memo}, char = #{char}"
  %w[a e i o u y].include?(char) ? memo + char * 5 : memo + char
end