I saw that one has not to obtain a Google Maps API key if you want to use their maps api in general, only if you want to use their web services and statistics etc.
Now I have two questions regarding this:
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If I have a public website which uses the Google Maps API to display a map with default options. How does Google count the API calls if I don’t use an API key? (Maybe with the help of the domain which requests the map?)
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If they do so and my site exceeds the 25k calls/day, is there a possiblity that my users can login with their Google account on my site and some backend logic will get them an API key from Google that I store e.g. in a database. So I could use the API keys of my users to bypass the API usage limits only for my site.
Assuming you are using the Javascript API v3:
This SO question partially answers your queries.
Have a look at the usage limits, it looks like that you cannot use more than one API key:
Though this may be debatable, to me it seems a bad idea using your user’s API key. For sure you need to ask the permission, then you have to monitor their quotas and so on, a minefield…
TL;DR if you exceed constantly the daily quota you should purchase a larger quota.