Question

I searched the internet but did not find a concrete answer that why decompilers are unable to produce original source code. I dint get a satisfactory answer. Somewhere it was written that it is similar to halting problem but dint tell how. So what is the theoretical and technical limitation of creating a decompiler which is perfect.

Answer 1

It is, quite simply, a many-to-one problem. For example, in C:

b++;

and

b+=1;

and

b = b + 1;

may all get compiled to the same set of operations once the compiler and optimizer are done. It reorders things, drops in-effective operations, and rewrites entire sections of code. By the time it is done, it has no idea what you wrote, just a pretty good idea what you intended to happen, at a raw-CPU (or vCPU) level.

It is even smart enough to remove variables that aren’t needed:

{
a=5;
b=func();
c=a+b;
d=func2(c);
}
## gets rewritten as:
REGISTERA=func()
REGISTERA+=5
return(func2(REGISTERA))