I see two different forms in Bash scripts which seem to do the same:
`some command`
and
$(some command)
What is the difference between the two, and when should I use each one of them?
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There isn’t any semantic difference. The backtick syntax is the older and less powerful version. See man bash, section "Command Substitution".
If your shell supports the
$()syntax, prefer it because it can be nested.