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I want to encode a number which would be maximal 10 digits long using a key with ASCII chars.
The encoded string should be decodable with the same key , which should return the decoded number.
10 => encoding_with("secret_pass") => hash => decoding_with("secret_pass") => 10
Both operations should work the same way in Javascript and Ruby.
What algorythm should I use for this purpose ?
All data should be in ASCII, no multibyte data for input, hash, and the key.
A simple XOR should be sufficient.
JavaScript
Ruby
Yes, you can go overboard and break out the full crypto suite, but since one part of the algorithm will run in-browser, in JS (completely untrusted environment), any attempt at Serious Cryptography™ will give you a false sense of security (in other words, will actually make your system less secure).
If you’re trying to protect the data in transit, use the tool that’s made for the job; in this case, HTTPS.