I want to implement a simple application (modification of sample2) which is showing what SIFT,SURF,BRIEF and ORB does. the user can simply compare the rotation or scale invariance or the speed. But I found fail, which I can not handle so I turn for your help.
When I try to use SIFT or SURF I always get Exception on line when I try to match : matcherBruteForce.match(descriptorFrame, matches);
I have a similar AR application and with these settings It is working, so I cannot figure out where I m making mistake. I have tried to set the variable “matcherBruteForce” to BRUTEFORCE, BRUTEFORCE_L1, BRUTEFORCE_SL2 event to BRUTEFORCE_HAMMING. but I always got the same exceptions:
SIFT:
CvException [org.opencv.core.CvException: /home/andreyk/OpenCV2/trunk/opencv_2.3.1.b2/modules/features2d/include/opencv2/features2d/features2d.hpp:2455: error: (-215) DataType<ValueType>::type == matcher.trainDescCollection[iIdx].type() || matcher.trainDescCollection[iIdx].empty() in function static void cv::BruteForceMatcher<Distance>::commonKnnMatchImpl(cv::BruteForceMatcher<Distance>&, const cv::Mat&, std::vector<std::vector<cv::DMatch> >&, int, const std::vector<cv::Mat>&, bool) [with Distance = cv::SL2<float>]
]
SURF:
CvException [org.opencv.core.CvException: /home/andreyk/OpenCV2/trunk/opencv_2.3.1.b2/modules/features2d/include/opencv2/features2d/features2d.hpp:2455: error: (-215) DataType<ValueType>::type == matcher.trainDescCollection[iIdx].type() || matcher.trainDescCollection[iIdx].empty() in function static void cv::BruteForceMatcher<Distance>::commonKnnMatchImpl(cv::BruteForceMatcher<Distance>&, const cv::Mat&, std::vector<std::vector<cv::DMatch> >&, int, const std::vector<cv::Mat>&, bool) [with Distance = cv::SL2<float>]
]
any help appreciated
the whole class:
package sk.bolyos.opencv;
import java.util.Vector;
import org.opencv.features2d.DMatch;
import org.opencv.features2d.DescriptorExtractor;
import org.opencv.features2d.DescriptorMatcher;
import org.opencv.features2d.FeatureDetector;
import org.opencv.features2d.Features2d;
import org.opencv.features2d.KeyPoint;
import org.opencv.highgui.VideoCapture;
import org.opencv.android.Utils;
import org.opencv.core.Mat;
import org.opencv.core.Size;
import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
import org.opencv.highgui.Highgui;
import sk.bolyos.svk.*;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
public class MyView extends CvViewBase {
private static final int BOUNDARY = 35;
private Mat mRgba;
private Mat mGray;
private Mat mIntermediateMat;
private Mat mLogoMilka1,mLogoMilka2,mLogoMilka3,mLogoMilka4;
///////////////////DETECTORS
FeatureDetector siftDetector = FeatureDetector.create(FeatureDetector.SIFT);
FeatureDetector surfDetector = FeatureDetector.create(FeatureDetector.SURF);
FeatureDetector fastDetector = FeatureDetector.create(FeatureDetector.FAST);
FeatureDetector orbDetector = FeatureDetector.create(FeatureDetector.ORB);
///////////////////DESCRIPTORS
DescriptorExtractor siftDescriptor = DescriptorExtractor.create(DescriptorExtractor.SIFT);
DescriptorExtractor surfDescriptor = DescriptorExtractor.create(DescriptorExtractor.SURF);
DescriptorExtractor briefDescriptor = DescriptorExtractor.create(DescriptorExtractor.BRIEF);
DescriptorExtractor orbDescriptor = DescriptorExtractor.create(DescriptorExtractor.ORB);
///////////////////DATABASE
Vector<KeyPoint> vectorMilka1 = new Vector<KeyPoint>();
Vector<KeyPoint> vectorMilka2 = new Vector<KeyPoint>();
Vector<KeyPoint> vectorMilka3 = new Vector<KeyPoint>();
Vector<KeyPoint> vectorMilka4 = new Vector<KeyPoint>();
Mat descriptorMilka1 = new Mat();
Mat descriptorMilka2 = new Mat();
Mat descriptorMilka3 = new Mat();
Mat descriptorMilka4 = new Mat();
///////////////////VIDEO
Vector<KeyPoint> vectorFrame = new Vector<KeyPoint>();
Mat descriptorFrame = new Mat();
DescriptorMatcher matcherHamming = DescriptorMatcher.create(DescriptorMatcher.BRUTEFORCE_HAMMINGLUT);
DescriptorMatcher matcherBruteForce = DescriptorMatcher.create(DescriptorMatcher.BRUTEFORCE_SL2);
Vector<DMatch> matches = new Vector<DMatch>();
Vector<Mat> siftDescriptors = new Vector<Mat>();
Vector<Mat> surfDescriptors = new Vector<Mat>();
Vector<Mat> briefDescriptors = new Vector<Mat>();
Vector<Mat> orbDescriptors = new Vector<Mat>();
public MyView(Context context) {
super(context);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
try{
/*
if (mLogoMilka1 == null){
mLogoMilka1 = new Mat();
mLogoMilka1 = Utils.loadResource(getContext(), R.drawable.milkalogo);
fillDB(mLogoMilka1,vectorMilka1,descriptorMilka1);
}
if (mLogoMilka2 == null){
mLogoMilka2 = new Mat();
mLogoMilka2 = Utils.loadResource(getContext(), R.drawable.milkalogom);
fillDB(mLogoMilka2,vectorMilka2,descriptorMilka2);
}
if (mLogoMilka3 == null){
mLogoMilka3 = new Mat();
mLogoMilka3 = Utils.loadResource(getContext(), R.drawable.milkalogol);
fillDB(mLogoMilka3,vectorMilka3,descriptorMilka3);
}*/
if (mLogoMilka4 == null){
mLogoMilka4 = new Mat();
mLogoMilka4 = Utils.loadResource(getContext(), R.drawable.milkalogolc);
fillDB(mLogoMilka4,vectorMilka4,descriptorMilka4);
}
}catch(Exception e){
Log.e( "SVK APPLICATION", "in MyView constructor "+e.toString());
}
}
public void fillDB(Mat mLogo,Vector<KeyPoint> vector,Mat descriptor){
//SIFT
siftDetector.detect( mLogo, vector );
siftDescriptor.compute(mLogo, vector, descriptor);
siftDescriptors.add(descriptor);
//SURF
surfDetector.detect( mLogo, vector );
surfDescriptor.compute(mLogo, vector, descriptor);
surfDescriptors.add(descriptor);
//FAST+BRIEF
fastDetector.detect( mLogo, vector );
briefDescriptor.compute(mLogo, vector, descriptor);
briefDescriptors.add(descriptor);
//ORB
orbDetector.detect( mLogo, vector );
orbDescriptor.compute(mLogo, vector, descriptor);
orbDescriptors.add(descriptor);
}
@Override
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder _holder, int format, int width, int height) {
super.surfaceChanged(_holder, format, width, height);
synchronized (this) {
// initialize Mats before usage
mGray = new Mat();
mRgba = new Mat();
mIntermediateMat = new Mat();
matches = new Vector<DMatch>();
vectorFrame = new Vector<KeyPoint>();
descriptorFrame = new Mat();
}
}
@Override
protected Bitmap processFrame(VideoCapture capture) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
switch (SVKApplikaciaActivity.viewMode) {
case SVKApplikaciaActivity.VIEW_MODE_SIFT:
//TODO SIFT
try{
//matcherBruteForce = DescriptorMatcher.create(DescriptorMatcher.BRUTEFORCE);
//matcherBruteForce.clear();
matcherBruteForce.add(siftDescriptors);
matcherBruteForce.train();// proba
capture.retrieve(mGray, Highgui.CV_CAP_ANDROID_COLOR_FRAME_RGBA);
Imgproc.resize(mGray, mGray,new Size(480,320));
siftDetector.detect( mGray, vectorFrame );
siftDescriptor.compute(mGray, vectorFrame, descriptorFrame);
matcherBruteForce.match(descriptorFrame, matches);
Vector<DMatch> matchesXXX = new Vector<DMatch>();
for (DMatch t : matches)
if(t.distance<BOUNDARY)
matchesXXX.add(t);
Mat nGray = new Mat();
Mat nLogo = new Mat();
Mat nRgba = new Mat();
Imgproc.cvtColor(mGray, nGray, Imgproc.COLOR_RGBA2RGB, 3);
Imgproc.cvtColor(mLogoMilka4, nLogo, Imgproc.COLOR_RGBA2BGR, 3);
Features2d.drawMatches(nGray, vectorFrame, nLogo, vectorMilka4, matchesXXX, nRgba);
Imgproc.cvtColor(nRgba, mRgba, Imgproc.COLOR_RGB2RGBA, 4);
}catch(Exception e){
Log.e( "SVK APPLICATION","in SIFT "+ e.toString());
}
break;
case SVKApplikaciaActivity.VIEW_MODE_SURF:
//TODO SURF
try{
//matcherBruteForce = DescriptorMatcher.create(DescriptorMatcher.BRUTEFORCE);
//matcherBruteForce.clear();
matcherBruteForce.add(surfDescriptors);
matcherBruteForce.train();// proba
capture.retrieve(mGray, Highgui.CV_CAP_ANDROID_COLOR_FRAME_RGBA);
Imgproc.resize(mGray, mGray,new Size(480,320));
surfDetector.detect( mGray, vectorFrame );
surfDescriptor.compute(mGray, vectorFrame, descriptorFrame);
matcherBruteForce.match(descriptorFrame, matches);
Vector<DMatch> matchesXXX = new Vector<DMatch>();
for (DMatch t : matches)
if(t.distance<BOUNDARY)
matchesXXX.add(t);
Mat nGray = new Mat();
Mat nLogo = new Mat();
Mat nRgba = new Mat();
Imgproc.cvtColor(mGray, nGray, Imgproc.COLOR_RGBA2RGB, 3);
Imgproc.cvtColor(mLogoMilka4, nLogo, Imgproc.COLOR_RGBA2BGR, 3);
Features2d.drawMatches(nGray, vectorFrame, nLogo, vectorMilka4, matchesXXX, nRgba);
Imgproc.cvtColor(nRgba, mRgba, Imgproc.COLOR_RGB2RGBA, 4);
}catch(Exception e){
Log.e( "SVK APPLICATION","in Surf "+ e.toString());
}
break;
case SVKApplikaciaActivity.VIEW_MODE_BRIEF:
//TODO BRIEF
try{
matcherHamming = DescriptorMatcher.create(DescriptorMatcher.BRUTEFORCE_HAMMINGLUT);
matcherHamming.add(briefDescriptors);
matcherHamming.train();// proba
capture.retrieve(mGray, Highgui.CV_CAP_ANDROID_COLOR_FRAME_RGBA);
Imgproc.resize(mGray, mGray,new Size(480,320));
fastDetector.detect( mGray, vectorFrame );
briefDescriptor.compute(mGray, vectorFrame, descriptorFrame);
matcherHamming.match(descriptorFrame, matches);
Vector<DMatch> matchesXXX = new Vector<DMatch>();
for (DMatch t : matches)
if(t.distance<BOUNDARY)
matchesXXX.add(t);
Mat nGray = new Mat();
Mat nLogo = new Mat();
Mat nRgba = new Mat();
Imgproc.cvtColor(mGray, nGray, Imgproc.COLOR_RGBA2RGB, 3);
Imgproc.cvtColor(mLogoMilka4, nLogo, Imgproc.COLOR_RGBA2BGR, 3);
Features2d.drawMatches(nGray, vectorFrame, nLogo, vectorMilka4, matchesXXX, nRgba);
Imgproc.cvtColor(nRgba, mRgba, Imgproc.COLOR_RGB2RGBA, 4);
}catch(Exception e){
Log.e( "SVK APPLICATION","in Brief "+ e.toString());
}
break;
case SVKApplikaciaActivity.VIEW_MODE_ORB:
//TODO ORB
try{
matcherHamming = DescriptorMatcher.create(DescriptorMatcher.BRUTEFORCE_HAMMINGLUT);
matcherHamming.add(orbDescriptors);
matcherHamming.train();// proba
capture.retrieve(mGray, Highgui.CV_CAP_ANDROID_COLOR_FRAME_RGBA);
Imgproc.resize(mGray, mGray,new Size(480,320));
orbDetector.detect( mGray, vectorFrame );
orbDescriptor.compute(mGray, vectorFrame, descriptorFrame);
matcherHamming.match(descriptorFrame, matches);
Vector<DMatch> matchesXXX = new Vector<DMatch>();
for (DMatch t : matches)
if(t.distance<BOUNDARY)
matchesXXX.add(t);
Mat nGray = new Mat();
Mat nLogo = new Mat();
Mat nRgba = new Mat();
Imgproc.cvtColor(mGray, nGray, Imgproc.COLOR_RGBA2RGB, 3);
Imgproc.cvtColor(mLogoMilka4, nLogo, Imgproc.COLOR_RGBA2BGR, 3);
Features2d.drawMatches(nGray, vectorFrame, nLogo, vectorMilka4, matchesXXX, nRgba);
Imgproc.cvtColor(nRgba, mRgba, Imgproc.COLOR_RGB2RGBA, 4);
}catch(Exception e){
Log.e( "SVK APPLICATION","in ORB "+ e.toString());
}
break;
case SVKApplikaciaActivity.VIEW_MODE_AR:
//TODO AR
break;
}
Bitmap bmp = Bitmap.createBitmap(mRgba.cols(), mRgba.rows(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
if (Utils.matToBitmap(mRgba, bmp))
return bmp;
bmp.recycle();
return null;
}
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
synchronized (this) {
// Explicitly deallocate Mats
if (mRgba != null)
mRgba.release();
if (mGray != null)
mGray.release();
if (mIntermediateMat != null)
mIntermediateMat.release();
mRgba = null;
mGray = null;
mIntermediateMat = null;
}
}
}
I think i know the problem. The matcher you are using cannot be applied to SIFT and SURF descriptors. If you must use a DescriptorMatcher with sift or surf, you must set it as such
Since SURF and SIFT accept FloatBased descriptors exclusively, it will return an error, if you passed a DescriptorMatcher set to HAMMING to it.
Notice that in your code you have two DescriptorMatchers’s , one set to BRUTEFORCE.SL2, and the other to HAMMING. Ensure you pass the correct one i.e the BRUTEFORCE.SL2 to SIFT or SURF.
Its however best to used FLANN based matchers for SIFT or SURF, since they extract a higher number of keypoints as compared to ORB, and FLANN is suited to large sets of keypoints Read more about it here
http://computer-vision-talks.com/2011/07/comparison-of-the-opencvs-feature-detection-algorithms-ii/
and here http://opencv.willowgarage.com/documentation/cpp/flann_fast_approximate_nearest_neighbor_search.html
UPDATE:
It is possible to use L2 or L1 distance for matching uchar descriptors. If you passed a DescriptorMatcher set to BRUTEFORCE it may work for ORB also (albeit with poor results)