Question

I want to just reverse the items in this collection, so I decided to require that it be part of Traversable, and any of the subtypes for it, and have it return a Traversable, but I think I may need to use a variance on that also, but, at the moment I get a compiler error, using Scala 2.10.0-M5.

trait Polynomials {
    def coefficients[+A <: Traversable[T]](x:A):Traversable[A] =  x.foldLeft(Traversable[A]())((b,a) => a :: b)

}

These are the errors I am getting, and I am not certain what I did wrong.

Description Resource    Path    Location    Type
']' expected but identifier found.  Polynomials.scala   line 4  Scala Problem
'=' expected but ']' found. Polynomials.scala   line 4  Scala Problem
illegal start of simple expression  Polynomials.scala   line 5  Scala Problem

Answer 1

Scala doesn’t have use-site variance, so +A is not allowed in a method, only in a class. It doesn’t really make sense here anyway; I don’t think you’ll miss it. Also, you need a T somewhere, either on the trait or on the method. And :: isn’t defined on traversable, but a List is a traversable, so you can use one. And you’re actually returning a Traversable[T], not a Traversable[A]. So:

trait Polynomials {
  def coefficients[T, A <: Traversable[T]](x: A): Traversable[T] = 
    x.foldLeft(List[T]())((b,a) => a :: b)
}

But the A <: Traversable[T] isn’t really buying you anything since subtyping gets you that anyway. So shorter and simpler is

trait Polynomials {
  def coefficients[T](x: Traversable[T]): Traversable[T] = 
    x.foldLeft(List[T]())((b,a) => a :: b)
}