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Editorial Team
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Asked: 2026-06-11T17:17:03+00:00

I want to produce histograms using by(), how can I access the values of

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I want to produce histograms using by(), how can I access the values of the factors, to include in histogram headings, for example…

a <- runif(500, 0, 10)
b <- LETTERS[1:5]
c <- c("Condition1", "Condition2")

x <- data.frame("Variable1" = b, "Variable2"= c, "Value"=a)
head(x)
by(x$Value, x$Variable2, hist)

or using two variables

by(x$Value, list(x$Variable2, x$Variable1), hist)

Is there a way of passing the variable value (eg Condition1) to the title of the histogram using the options within hist(), eg putting function(x) hist(x, main=...) into by()?

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1 Answer

  1. Editorial Team

    Pass the split up dataframe rather than just the Values. Then you will have more to work with:

    by(x, x$Variable2, function(x) hist(x$Value, main=unique(x$Variable2) ) )

    Produced two plots labled Condition1, Condition2

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