Question

I want to update my dropdown list datasource (get the values from the database again) but i want to do that from jQuery, there i insert/update/delete records from that same database table.

This is my dropdown list

<asp:DropDownList ID="ddl" runat="server" 
    AppendDataBoundItems="True" 
    DataSourceID="ShortCodeDataSource" 
    DataTextField="ShortcodeId" 
    DataValueField="ShortcodeId">
    <asp:ListItem>Select one...</asp:ListItem>
</asp:DropDownList>  

<asp:ObjectDataSource ID="ShortCodeDataSource" runat="server" 
    SelectMethod="GetAllShortcodes" 
    TypeName="Sod.Iris.Service.ShortcodeService">
</asp:ObjectDataSource>

Answer 1

Also, beside code that a432511 posted, you can use UpdatePanel approach.
Put your dropdown in a UpdatePanel and then just call refresh from jquery.
On this link you have example how to do this:

http://encosia.com/2007/07/13/easily-refresh-an-updatepanel-using-javascript/

cheers