Question

I was going through a tutorial about defining functions with an example on creating new lines, and the code you had to write was this:

def new_line():
    print

def three_lines():
    new_line()
    new_line()
    new_line()

def nine_lines():
    three_lines()
    three_lines()
    three_lines()

print "hello world"

print nine_lines()

print "goodbye"

Could anybody explain why it includes ‘None’ before ‘goodbye’?

Answer 1

print nine_lines()

You are printing the result of calling the nine_lines() function. Since that function does not explicitly return a value (using the return statement, if you haven’t seen that yet then you will soon), Python returns the special value None.

To fix this, change that line to simply

nine_lines()