I wonder if it’s possible to have a folder such as res/values-small or res/values-hdpi in the same way that it’s possible for the layout folder? I’m thinking about styles that should automatically scale depending on the screen resolution and size.
Or do I simply create a separate style for other resolutions in the same values/style.xml file?
Yes you are right all the names you mentioned are valid. To experiment more with different filenames use ADT.