Question

If I delete a CoreData record from an entity, does that also delete the relationship that record had with another record in another entity?

Answer 1

It depends on the Delete Rule that you have enabled for the relationship. The Core Data Programming Guide documents these (extracted below). Have a look in the inspector to see which option you have set for your relationships. If you have a specific data model which you want comment on you should edit your question to be more specific.

Deny

If there is at least one object at the relationship destination, then the source object cannot be deleted. For example, if you want to remove a department, you must ensure that all the employees in that department are first transferred elsewhere (or fired!) otherwise the department cannot be deleted.

Nullify

Set the inverse relationship for objects at the destination to null. For example, if you delete a department, set the department for all the current members to null. This only makes sense if the department relationship for an employee is optional, or if you ensure that you set a new department for each of the employees before the next save operation.

Cascade

Delete the objects at the destination of the relationship.
For example, if you delete a department, fire all the employees in that department at the same time.

No Action

Do nothing to the object at the destination of the relationship. For example, if you delete a department, leave all the employees as they are, even if they still believe they belong to that department.