Question

If null value of javascript is an empty object so why can’t add a property to it?
the below code clears my question:

var a = null;

typeof a;
>>> "object"

a.name = 'name';
>>> TypeError: Cannot set property 'name' of null

var a = new Object();

typeof a;
>>> "object"

a.name = 'name';
>>> "name"

Answer 1

By definition neither the null value nor the undefined value have any properties, nor can any properties be added to them.

This is summarized nicely for null:

primitive value that represents the intentional absence of any object value.

And likewise, for undefined:

primitive value used when a variable has not been assigned a value.

(null is the only value of the Null-type and undefined is the only value of the Undefined-type.)

Now, for the implementation goodies:

Both of these types represent primitives and the behavior of "primitiveValue.Property" is covered by the internal ToObject method. (See GetValue/PutValue for the start of the rabbit hole.)

From 9.9: ToObject:

The abstract operation ToObject converts its argument to a value of type Object according to ..

• Undefined => Throw a TypeError exception.

• Null => Throw a TypeError exception.
• (and so on)

As far as the comments, see 11.4.3: The typeOf Operator:

Return a String determined by Type(val) according to ..

• Undefined => "undefined"

• Null => "object"
• (and so on)