If you think they are not, please give an example for a string that can be called “URL” and not “path” and one that can be called “path” and not “URL”.
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If you think they are not, please give an example for a string that can be called “URL” and not “path” and one that can be called “path” and not “URL”.
A URI (including URLs though the distinction is irrelevant in most cases, and URLs are always URIs so mostly we just talk about URIs these days) is a globally-unique identifier of a resource.
E.g. http://example.net/foo/bar?a=b
A path is part of the URI, in the above example the path is /foo/bar
A URI reference is a means to textually communicate a URI. It can be absolute, in which case it is the same as the URI, and hence it will resolve to the same URI in any context. It can be an absolute-path, like /foo/bar?a=b in which case it will resolve to the same URI in any context sharing the same scheme, host and port. It can be relative such as ../bar?a=b and it can be scheme-relative such as ://example.net/foo/bar?a=b which resolves to the example URI above from any HTTP base URI, but not if the base URI is HTTPS or another scheme.