Question

I’m building a count matrix in Perl using AoA: my @aoa = () then call $aoa[$i][$j]++ whenever I need to increment a specific cell. Since some cells are not incremented at all, they are left undef (these are equivalent to 0 counts).

I would like to print some lines from the matrix, but I get errors for undef cells (which I would simply like to print as zeros). what should I do?

Answer 1

Classically:

print defined $aoa[$i][$j] ? $aoa[$i][$j] : 0;

Modern Perl (5.10 or later):

print $aoa[$i][$j] // 0;

That is a lot more succinct and Perlish, it has to be said.

Alternatively, run through the matrix before printing, replacing undef with 0.

---

use strict;
use warnings;

my @aoa = ();

$aoa[1][1] = 1;
$aoa[0][2] = 1;
$aoa[2][1] = 1;

for my $i (0..2)
{
    print join ",", map { $_ // 0 } @{$aoa[$i]}[0..2], "\n";
}