Question

I’m having a problem with my program and I was able to isolate the problem. I managed to reduce it to this simpler problem. Lets say I have the function

fn:: String -> String
fn (x:xs)
    | null (x:xs) = "empty"
    | otherwise = "hello"

Typing in random stuff returns "hello" but if I do,

fn ""

I get the non-exhaustive pattern error. Since “” is suppose to be an empty list, [], shouldn’t it match to my first pattern and return "empty"?

Answer 1

A String in Haskell is a list of characters. So to match the empty String you need to match an empty list ([]). Your pattern (x:xs) will only match lists or Strings with at least one element because it consists of one element (x) and the rest (xs), which could be empty or non-empty.

A working version of your function would look like this:

fn :: String -> String
fn [] = "empty"
fn (x:xs) = "hello"

This will return "empty" for fn "".