Question

I’m implementing a color picker. There is problem with the rendering. When I call c.fillRect(0, 0, 100, 80); the size of that rectangle is 103×42 px instead of 100×80. What is wrong here?

Also, rectangles are antialiased. Do I need offset the position by (0.5, 0.5) to avoid AA? I didn’t use any kind of the coordinate system transformations.

colorSlider = function($e, color) {
    this._$canvas = $('<canvas></canvas>');
    this._c = this._$canvas[0].getContext('2d');
    this._color = color || { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0 };
    this._$canvas.width('310px');
    this._$canvas.height('80px');
    $e.append(this._$canvas);
    this._render();
    var me = this;
    this._$canvas.mousedown(function(e) { me._mouseDown.call(me, e) });
    this._$canvas.mouseup(function(e) { me._mouseUp.call(me, e) });
    this._$canvas.mousemove(function(e) { me._mouseMove.call(me, e) });
    this._dragChannel = 0;
}

colorSlider.prototype._pointInRect = function(x, y, rect) {
    return x >= rect.x && x <= rect.x + rect.w && y >= rect.y && y <= rect.y + rect.h;
}

colorSlider.prototype._findTarget = function(event) {
    var x = event.offsetX;
    var y = event.offsetY;
    console.log(x, y, this._rectR);
    if (this._pointInRect(x, y, this._rectRThumb)) {
        return { target: 1, value: x - this._rectR.x };
    }
    if (this._pointInRect(x, y, this._rectGThumb)) {
        return { target: 2, value: x - this._rectG.x };
    }
    if (this._pointInRect(x, y, this._rectBThumb)) {
        return { target: 3, value: x - this._rectB.x };
    }
    if (this._pointInRect(x, y, this._rectR)) {
        return { target: 4, value: x - this._rectR.x };
    }
    if (this._pointInRect(x, y, this._rectG)) {
        return { target: 5, value: x - this._rectG.x };
    }
    if (this._pointInRect(x, y, this._rectB)) {
        return { target: 6, value: x - this._rectB.x };
    }
    return null;
}

colorSlider.prototype._mouseDown = function(event) {
    this._dragChannel = 0;
    var target = this._findTarget(event);
    if (target) {
        switch (target.target) {
            case 1:
                this._dragChannel = 1;
                break;
            case 2:
                this._dragChannel = 2;
                break;
            case 3:
                this._dragChannel = 3;
                break;
            case 4:
                this._color.r = target.value;
                break;
            case 5:
                this._color.g = target.value;
                break;
            case 6:
                this._color.b = target.value;
                break;
        }
        this._render();
    }
};

colorSlider.prototype._mouseUp = function(event) {
    //console.log('mouseUp');
};

colorSlider.prototype._mouseMove = function(event) {
    //console.log('mouseMove', event);
};

colorSlider.prototype.padding = 4;

colorSlider.prototype._render = function() {
    var padding = this.padding;
    var thickness = 16;
    var c = this._c;
    var w = 255;
    var h = this._$canvas.height();

    c.clearRect(0, 0, this._$canvas.width(), this._$canvas.height());

    var gradient = c.createLinearGradient(padding, 0, w, 0);
    c.fillStyle = gradient;

    gradient.addColorStop(0, this.colorToHex({ r: 0, g: this._color.g, b: this._color.b }));
    gradient.addColorStop(1, this.colorToHex({ r: 255, g: this._color.g, b: this._color.b }));
    c.fillRect(padding, padding, w, thickness);
    c.lineWidth = 0;
    c.fillRect(0, 0, 100, 80);
    this._rectR = { x: padding, y: padding, w: w, h: thickness };

    gradient = c.createLinearGradient(padding, 0, w, 0);
    c.fillStyle = gradient;
    gradient.addColorStop(0, this.colorToHex({ r: this._color.r, g: 0, b: this._color.b }));
    gradient.addColorStop(1, this.colorToHex({ r: this._color.r, g: 255, b: this._color.b }));
    c.fillRect(padding, padding + thickness + 2 * padding, w, thickness);
    this._rectG = { x: padding, y: padding + thickness + 2 * padding, w: w, h: thickness };

    gradient = c.createLinearGradient(padding, 0, w, 0);
    c.fillStyle = gradient;
    gradient.addColorStop(0, this.colorToHex({ r: this._color.r, g: this._color.g, b: 0 }));
    gradient.addColorStop(1, this.colorToHex({ r: this._color.r, g: this._color.g, b: 255 }));
    c.fillRect(padding, padding + 2 * (thickness + 2 * padding), w, thickness);
    this._rectB = { x: padding, y: padding + 2 * (thickness + 2 * padding), w: w, h: thickness };

    c.lineWidth = 2;
    c.fillStyle = "white";
    c.strokeStyle = "#888888";

    this._rectRThumb = { x: padding + this._color.r - 2, y: padding / 2, w: 8, h: 20, r: 2 };
    this.drawRoundedRectangle(c, this._rectRThumb);

    this._rectGThumb = { x: padding + this._color.g - 2, y: padding / 2 + 2 * padding + thickness, w: 8, h: 20, r: 2 };
    this.drawRoundedRectangle(c, this._rectGThumb);

    this._rectBThumb = { x: padding + this._color.b - 2, y: padding / 2 + 2 * (2 * padding + thickness), w: 8, h: 20, r: 2 };
    this.drawRoundedRectangle(c, this._rectBThumb);
};

colorSlider.prototype.colorToHex = function(color) {
    var c = '#'
    + (color.r + 256).toString(16).substr(1, 2)
    + (color.g + 256).toString(16).substr(1, 2)
    + (color.b + 256).toString(16).substr(1, 2);
    console.log(c);
    return c;
};

// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1255512/how-to-draw-a-rounded-rectangle-on-html-canvas
colorSlider.prototype.drawRoundedRectangle = function(c, rect) {
    var x = rect.x;
    var y = rect.y;
    var width = rect.w;
    var height = rect.h;
    var radius = rect.r;
    c.beginPath();
    c.moveTo(x + radius, y);
    c.lineTo(x + width - radius, y);
    c.quadraticCurveTo(x + width, y, x + width, y + radius);
    c.lineTo(x + width, y + height - radius);
    c.quadraticCurveTo(x + width, y + height, x + width - radius, y + height);
    c.lineTo(x + radius, y + height);
    c.quadraticCurveTo(x, y + height, x, y + height - radius);
    c.lineTo(x, y + radius);
    c.quadraticCurveTo(x, y, x + radius, y);
    c.closePath();
    c.stroke();
    c.fill();
};

index.html

<script>
$(function() {
    $("#directionalLight,#ambientLight").each(function() {
        new colorSlider($(this));
    });

});
</script>

<body>
<div>Directional light</div>
<div id="directionalLight"></div>
<div>Ambient light</div>
<div id="ambientLight"></div>
</body>

Answer 1

The first thing to know is that a canvas element has intrinsic dimensions = number of pixels in the inside coordinate space (set by the width and height attributes and properties). It also has extrinsic dimensions (style.width and style.height) which is the number of pixels that the image takes within the webpage. The intrinsic pixels are scaled to fit the extrinsic space.

It’s confusing because an img also has intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions, but the names of the properties are completely different from canvas. If you set width and height on an image, it’s basically the same as setting style.width or style.height; they both set the extrinsic dimensions to scale the image within the page. Meanwhile, you can only get the intrinsic dimensions of an img using the new naturalWidth and naturalHeight (HTML5 browsers only) properties.

If the extrinsic dimensions are not set on both img and canvas, the image will be laid out at the same size as the intrinsic dimensions (i.e., scale factor would be 1).

Now, when you use jQuery, $(canvas).width('310px') is the same as $(canvas).css('310px'), which sets the extrinsic dimensions. You have to call $(canvas).prop('width', 310) or simply set canvas.width = 310 to set the intrinsic width.