Question

I’m learning a spot of 3d opengl, and it’s going rather well, I’ve got a nice camera moving about and some simple cube objects, at the moment. Currently using vertex arrays, but I’m swapping to VBOs pretty quick here. I’m just trying to enable culling, however I’m not sure what order in which I ought to specify my vertices, right now this is what I’m doing:

void cube::update_verts(){
GLushort cur=0;

///back face
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z;

///right face
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z+sz;

///top face
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z+sz;

///front face
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z+sz;

///bottom face
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z+sz;

///left face
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z+sz;


}

///Drawing Code:

glVertexPointer(3,GL_FLOAT,0,object.verts);
glColorPointer(3,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,0,object.colors);
glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS,0,6*4);

However it’s definitely quite wrong, because when I glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); my cubes don’t show the correct faces (as seen below).

Normal

Problem Child

With both of these images culling is enabled.

In what order should I specify the vertices?

---

(EDIT) Updated Working Function:

void cube::update_verts(){
GLushort cur=0;

///top face
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z;


///bottom face
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z+sz;

///left face
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z;

///right face
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z+sz;

///front face
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z+sz;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z+sz;


///back face
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y+sy; verts[cur++]=z;
verts[cur++]=x+sx; verts[cur++]=y; verts[cur++]=z;

}

Answer 1

By default? In counter-clockwise order.

Consider a triangle facing the camera:

A
|\
| \
|  \
B---C

A->B->C would be front facing (counter-clockwise order), A->C->B would be rear-facing (clockwise order).

You can change which way OpenGL considers "front facing" via glFrontFace():

The projection of a polygon to window coordinates is said to have
clockwise winding if an imaginary object following the path from its
first vertex, its second vertex, and so on, to its last vertex, and
finally back to its first vertex, moves in a clockwise direction about
the interior of the polygon. The polygon’s winding is said to be
counterclockwise if the imaginary object following the same path moves
in a counterclockwise direction about the interior of the polygon.
glFrontFace specifies whether polygons with clockwise winding in
window coordinates, or counterclockwise winding in window coordinates,
are taken to be front-facing. Passing GL_CCW to mode selects
counterclockwise polygons as front-facing; GL_CW selects clockwise
polygons as front-facing.

By default, counterclockwise polygons are taken to be front-facing.

For ordering your vertices, consider an ideal cube:

  6---7
 /|  /|
2---3 |
| 4-|-5
|/  |/ 
0---1

For each face mentally rotate it to face the camera (your mind’s eye):

Sides:
2---3  3---7  7---6  6---2
|   |  |   |  |   |  |   |
|   |  |   |  |   |  |   |
0---1  1---5  5---4  4---0

Bottom/Top:
0---1  6---7
|   |  |   |
|   |  |   |
4---5  2---3

Then you can just visually read off the quads or triangle pairs in the right counter-clockwise order:

2---3                3         2---3 
|   |  becomes      /|   and   |  / 
|   |             /  |         |/ 
0---1            0---1         0 

Triangles 0-1-3 and 0-3-2
Quad 0-1-3-2

It doesn’t matter which vertex you start the triangle/quad with, for example with the first triangle 0-1-3, 1-3-0, and 3-0-1 are all equally valid, front-facing triangles.