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I’m learning about Linux filesystems, with these sources:
http://linuxgazette.net/issue21/ext2.html
http://homepage.smc.edu/morgan_david/cs40/analyze-ext2.htm
But I have one question about the root directory: why is its inode number always two? Why not one, or another number?
The first inode number is 1. 0 is used as a NULL value, to indicate that there is no inode. Inode 1 is used to keep track of any bad blocks on the disk; it is essentially a hidden file containing the bad blocks, so that they will not be used by another file. The bad blocks can be recorded using
e2fsck -c. The filesystem root directory is inode 2.The meaning of particular inode numbers differs by filesystem. For ext4 you can find more information on the Ext4 Wiki Ext4 Disk Layout page; in particular see the "Special inodes" table.