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Asked: 2026-05-18T09:06:52+00:00

I’m using Hibernate and PostgreSQL 8.4 database in a Java application. I have the

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I’m using Hibernate and PostgreSQL 8.4 database in a Java application. I have the following query:

Query q = session.createQuery("from User where validStartDate < "  + getDate() +" and validEndDate >" + getDate());

where validStartDate is a Date in a PostgreSQL database and getDate returns a String from the current date by using the SimpleDateFormat.

But I keep getting an error:

Caused by: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: ERROR: operator does not exist: date < integer
        at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.receiveErrorResponse(QueryExecutorImpl.java:1592)
        at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.processResults(QueryExecutorImpl.java:1327)
        at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.execute(QueryExecutorImpl.java:192)
        at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.execute(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:451)
        at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.executeWithFlags(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:350)
        at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.executeQuery(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:254)
        at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.getResultSet(AbstractBatcher.java:186)
        at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.getResultSet(Loader.java:1787)
        at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doQuery(Loader.java:674)
        at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doQueryAndInitializeNonLazyCollections(Loader.java:236)
        at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doList(Loader.java:2220)
        ... 49 more
2010-11-29 20:42:19 org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter logExceptions
WARNING: SQL Error: 0, SQLState: 42883
2010-11-29 20:42:19 org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter logExceptions
SEVERE: ERROR: operator does not exist: date < integer

How do I cast the value so it is of proper type Date rather than integer?

Thanks for help.

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1 Answer

  1. Editorial Team

    If getDate() returns a String then you’ll need to put it into single quotes. You are sending something like this:

    SELECT ...
FROM ...
WHERE validStartDate < 2010-11-29

    which is read as “where the column validStartDate is lower than the result of calculating the result of 2010 minus 11 minus 29”

    Now if you put 2010-11-29 into single quotes PostgreSQL will cast that String to a date but whether that will succeed depends on the formatting you apply in the SimpleDateFormatter

    Edit: if you want to make sure the date literal is always treated correctly regardles of any client side locale settings, use a proper ANSI date literal:

    SELECT ...
FROM ...
WHERE validStartDate < DATE '2010-11-29'

    where the actual literal between the quotes has to be provided in the ISO formatted as shown above. Note the keyword DATE which specifies the ANSI date literal

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