Question

I’m using junit 4.8.1 and I run all jUnit test of the 6 Projects from the eclipse project called AllTests, which looks like this

package ch.mct.jdyna.tests;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.Suite;
import org.junit.runners.Suite.SuiteClasses;

@RunWith(Suite.class)
@SuiteClasses({ 
    ch.mct.jdyna.core.duplicatechecking.AllTests.class,
    ch.mct.jdyna.core.matching.AllTests.class,
    ch.mct.jdyna.core.matchingoptimization.AllTests.class,
    ch.mct.jdyna.core.textanalysis.testing.AllTests.class,
    ch.mct.jdyna.dataaccesslayer.testing.AllTests.class,
    ch.mct.jdyna.dataacquisition.testing.AllTests.class,
})
public class AllTests {

}

In the projects I also have a file in the same style calling all jUnit tests of the project itself.
The Problem is, when I call the test method testCreateProfiles() from the global context, there is an error, from the class AllTests in the Project itself everything is green.

The Method to test:

/**
 * Test method for
 * {@link ch.mct.jdyna.dataacquisition.CvPreprocessing#createProfiles(java.util.List)}
 * .
 */
@Test
public final void testCreateProfiles() {
    List<Cv> cvs = new LinkedList<Cv>();
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
        cvs.add(testingCv);
    List<CurriculumVitae> actualList = CvPreprocessing.createProfiles(cvs);
    assertEquals(cvs.size(), actualList.size());
}

The Method under test:

/**
 * Creates CurriculumVitae from the given data in CV.
 * 
 * @param cvList
 *            the CVs data
 * @return the list of CurriculumVitae
 */
public static List<CurriculumVitae> createProfiles(List<Cv> cvList) {
    if (cvList == null)
        return null;

    List<CurriculumVitae> cvProfileList = new ArrayList<CurriculumVitae>();
    for (Cv cv : cvList) {
        String title = cv.getTitle();
        if (title != null)
            title = title.substring(0,
                    Math.min(title.length(), MAXIMAL_TITLE_LENGTH - 1));
        String body = mergeBody(cv);
        Date date = cv.getLastUpdate();
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        if (date != null)
            cal.setTime(date);
        BigDecimal externalId = cv.getId();
        CurriculumVitae cvProfile = new CurriculumVitae(title, body, cal,
                externalId);
        cvProfileList.add(cvProfile);
    }
    return cvProfileList;

}

The error is:

java.lang.VerifyError: Cannot inherit from final class
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClassCond(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$000(Unknown Source)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at ch.mct.jdyna.dataacquisition.CvPreprocessing.createProfiles(CvPreprocessing.java:71)
at ch.mct.jdyna.dataacquisition.testing.CvPreprocessingTest.testCreateProfiles(CvPreprocessingTest.java:112)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:31)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:76)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:49)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

Does anyone have experience with this kind of problem?

Thanks in advance.
Manu

Answer 1

Most often those verify error signal some problem with different libraries: like you use one version of library to compile the classes and another one to run or test the application.

A compiler won’t allow subclassing a final class. So if you see this problem at runtime, you probably subclassed an external non-final class (which is ok) but added a different version of this class (now a final class) to the classpath. This will create this type of VerifyError at runtime.

So double check your classpaths. Make sure, the classpaths you use for building and testing include the same libraries. Investigate in the offending class (the one that now subclasses a final class) and try to locate the superclass(es).