Question

I’m writing a Clojure implementation of this coding challenge, attempting to find the average length of sequence records in Fasta format:

>1
GATCGA
GTC
>2
GCA
>3
AAAAA

For more background see this related StackOverflow post about an Erlang solution.

My beginner Clojure attempt uses lazy-seq to attempt to read in the file one record at a time so it will scale to large files. However it is fairly memory hungry and slow, so I suspect that it’s not implemented optimally. Here is a solution using the BioJava library to abstract out the parsing of the records:

(import '(org.biojava.bio.seq.io SeqIOTools))
(use '[clojure.contrib.duck-streams :only (reader)])

(defn seq-lengths [seq-iter]
  "Produce a lazy collection of sequence lengths given a BioJava StreamReader"
  (lazy-seq
    (if (.hasNext seq-iter)
      (cons (.length (.nextSequence seq-iter)) (seq-lengths seq-iter)))))

(defn fasta-to-lengths [in-file seq-type]
  "Use BioJava to read a Fasta input file as a StreamReader of sequences"
  (seq-lengths (SeqIOTools/fileToBiojava "fasta" seq-type (reader in-file))))

(defn average [coll]
  (/ (reduce + coll) (count coll)))

(when *command-line-args*
  (println
    (average (apply fasta-to-lengths *command-line-args*))))

and an equivalent approach without external libraries:

(use '[clojure.contrib.duck-streams :only (read-lines)])

(defn seq-lengths [lines cur-length]
  "Retrieve lengths of sequences in the file using line lengths"
  (lazy-seq
    (let [cur-line (first lines)
          remain-lines (rest lines)]
      (if (= nil cur-line) [cur-length]
        (if (= \> (first cur-line))
          (cons cur-length (seq-lengths remain-lines 0))
          (seq-lengths remain-lines (+ cur-length (.length cur-line))))))))

(defn fasta-to-lengths-bland [in-file seq-type]
  ; pop off first item since it will be everything up to the first >
  (rest (seq-lengths (read-lines in-file) 0)))

(defn average [coll]
  (/ (reduce + coll) (count coll)))

(when *command-line-args*
  (println
    (average (apply fasta-to-lengths-bland *command-line-args*))))

The current implementation takes 44 seconds on a large file compared to 7 seconds for a Python implementation. Can you offer any suggestions on speeding the code up and making it more intuitive? Is the usage of lazy-seq correctly parsing the file record by record as intended?

Answer 1

It probably doesn’t matter, but average is holding onto the head of the seq of lengths.
The following is a wholly untested, but lazier way to do what I think you want.

(use 'clojure.java.io) ;' since 1.2

(defn lazy-avg [coll]
  (let [f (fn [[v c] val] [(+ v val) (inc c)])
        [sum cnt] (reduce f [0 0] coll)]
    (if (zero? cnt) 0 (/ sum cnt)))

(defn fasta-avg [f]
  (->> (reader f) 
    line-seq
    (filter #(not (.startsWith % ">")))
    (map #(.length %))
    lazy-avg))