Question

In my Gemfile in Rails I have these groups:

group :development, :test do
  gem "capybara"
  gem "database_cleaner"
  gem "spork"
  gem "launchy"
end

group :bdd do
  gem "cucumber-rails"
  gem "rspec-rails"
end

What does this mean?

Answer 1

From http://yehudakatz.com/2010/05/09/the-how-and-why-of-bundler-groups/:

Specifying groups allows you to do two things. First, you can install
the gems in your Gemfile, minus specific groups. For instance, Rails
puts mysql and pg in a database group so that if you’re just working
on ActionPack, you can bundle install –without db and run the
ActionPack tests without having to worry about getting the gems
installed.

Second, you can list specific groups to autorequire using
Bundler.require. By default, Bundler.require requires all the gems in
the default group (which is all the gems that have no explicit group).
You can also say Bundler.require(:default, :another_group) to require
specific groups.