Question

In other words, why doesn’t the compiler just “know” that if the definition of a function is changed in a derived class, and a pointer to dynamically allocated memory of that derived class calls the changed function, then that function in particular should be called and not the base class’s?

In what instances would not having the virtual keyword work to a programmer’s benefit?

Answer 1

virtual keyword tells the compiler to implement dynamic dispatch.That is how the language was designed.
Without such an keyword the compiler would not know whether or not to implement dynamic dispatch.

The downside of virtual or dynamic dispatch in general is that,

• It has slight performance penalty. Most compilers would implement dynamic dispatch using vtable and vptr mechanism, where the appropriate function to call is decided through vtable and hence an additional indirection is needed in case of dynamic dispatch.
• It makes your class Non-POD.