Question

In programming language J, is a train of verbs always associative? If it is, Are there any proofs?

Answer 1

No, a train of verbs is not associative and this follows the definitions. For example, a fork is

(f g h) y = (f y) g (h y)

but

(f (g h)) y = y f ((g h) y) = y f (y g (h y))

which can also be written as y f y g h y. And

((f g) h) y = y (f g) (h y) = y f (g (h y))

which can also be written as y f g h y.

Those three are completely different things.