In Ruby, one can declare classes like
class A
class B
end
end
and then instantiate the inner class like A::B.new.
Does B have some sort of special relationship with A (as is the case in Java) or is A just its namespace? In other words, is nesting a class in a class the same as nesting it in a module?
Yes, it’s essentially the same as nesting in module. Nested class does not have any kind of special relationship to the class it’s nested in.