Is it possible to perform many SIP transactions in parallel, for a UA with two other UAs? Fpor example, if UA1 is in the middle of an INVITE, can UA1 respond to an incoming INVITE from UA3? What about standalone transactions?
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There’s nothing in the standard that prevents a SIP device from handling multiple concurrent transactions and in fact SIP servers need to do so in order to be able to handle any kind of load.
As to how a SIP user agent should handle concurrent SIP transactions that’s a separate consideration. IF UA1 is already on a call and a new INVITE request comes in from UA3 the typical way to handle it is with some kind of call waiting indication. With a softphone that indication can be visual whereas with an ATA that indication is often on the audio channel by injecting some tones into the UA’s audio stream.
For non-INVITE transactions it will generally be a lot simpler since most don’t require any user action. For example the UA could maintain half a dozen different registrations with different SIP servers and the various register and/or subscribe transactions (in this case the transaction is simply the combination of the request and response) could be running concurrently.