Is it possible to play back a sound while it is recording it, live?
I found this question/answer which shows how to record sound with AVAudioSession.
If so, at what should I be looking at? Can AVAudioSession play sound as well?
(Basically like an amplifier, outputting the sound as it comes in)
You can use either the Audio Queue API or the RemoteIO Audio Unit for streaming audio record and play. The RemoteIO unit will have a much lower latency. Either way, you should initialize your audio session and set it for kAudioSessionCategory_PlayAndRecord.