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Is Python slower than Java/C#?
performance-comparison-c-java-python-ruby-jython-jruby-groovy
Here is a project that optimizes CPython: unladen-swallow
Don’t conflate Language and Run-Time.
Python (the language) has many run-time implementations.
CPython is usually interpreted, and will be slower than native-code C#. It might be slower than Java, depending on the Java JIT compiler.
JYthon is interpreted in the JVM and has the same performance profile as Java.
IronPython relies on the same .NET libraries and IL as C#, so the performance difference will be relatively small.
Python can be translated to native code via PyREX, PyToC, and others. In this case, it will generally perform as well as C++. You can — to an extent — further optimize C++ and perhaps squeeze out a little bit better performance than unoptimized output from PyREX.
For more information, see http://arcriley.blogspot.com/2009/03/so-long-pyrex.html
Note that Python (the language) is not slow. Some Python run-times (CPython, for example) will be slower than native-code C++.