Is there a Java Swing component equivalent to Delphi’s TDBCtrlGrid? Or can the same effect be achieved programmatically and if so, how?
TDBCtrlGrid is a database enabled grid where each cell can be populated by a number of data-aware components. The grid shows one cell for each row in the query bound to the grid, and the components are bound to the values of the fields in that row. The lower half in the image shown below (picked at random from the internet) demonstrates a TDBCtrlGrid in the lower half of the form.

The various GUI kits for Java use a very different way of binding to data than the Delphi TDataSet/TDataSource/TDataLink/Data-Aware-Components path.
So: no, you won’t find this in the Java world.
But you might find similar things when you search for Java UI data binding.
–jeroen