Question

Is there a way to make the GNU C Preprocessor, cpp (or some other tool) list all available macros and their values at a given point in a C file?

I’m looking for system-specific macros while porting a program that’s already unix savvy and loading a sparse bunch of unix system files.

Just wondering if there’s an easier way than going hunting for definitions.

Answer 1

I don’t know about a certain spot in a file, but using:

$ touch emptyfile
$ cpp -dM emptyfile

Dumps all the default ones. Doing the same for a C file with some #include and #define lines in it includes all those as well. I guess you could truncate your file to the spot you care about and then do the same?

From the man page:

-dCHARS
CHARS is a sequence of one or more of the following characters, and must not be preceded by a space. Other characters are interpreted by the compiler proper, or reserved for future versions of GCC, and so are silently ignored. If you specify characters whose behavior conflicts, the result is undefined.

M
Instead of the normal output, generate a list of #define directives for all the macros defined during the execution of the preprocessor, including predefined macros. This gives you a way of finding out what is predefined in your version of the preprocessor. Assuming you have no file foo.h, the command

    touch foo.h; cpp -dM foo.h

will show all the predefined macros.

If you use -dM without the -E option, -dM is interpreted as a synonym for -fdump-rtl-mach.

D
Like M except in two respects: it does not include the predefined macros, and it outputs both the #define directives and the result of preprocessing. Both kinds of output go to the standard output file.

N
Like D, but emit only the macro names, not their expansions.

I
Output #include directives in addition to the result of preprocessing.