Question

Is there a way to override a class’s operator, by creating a new operator method inside a module, then mixing that module into the class?

eg, this overrides Fixnum’s + operator:

class Fixnum
  def +(x)
    product = x
    product = product * self
    return product
  end
end

p 3 + 3

# => 9

This does not override Fixnum’s + operator:

module NewOperators
  def +(x)
    product = x
    product = product * self
    return product
  end  
end

class Fixnum
  include NewOperators
end

p 3 + 3

# => 6

Answer 1

Your question led me to this interesting article which describes the problem:

Fixing Ruby’s Inheritance Model with Metamorph

This is the ultimate problem with Ruby’s inheritance model, in my opinion. Because mixins always take lower priority than methods defined directly in a class body, A#foo can not be overridden by mixin inclusion. Moreover, because mixins take lower priority than methods, A#foo is now violating encapsulation […]

And his solution is to transparently define all new methods inside an anonymous inner module:

class Object
  def self.method_added(name)
    return if name == :initialize
    const_set(:InstanceMethods, Module.new) unless defined?(self::InstanceMethods)
    meth = instance_method(name)
    self::InstanceMethods.send(:define_method, name) {|*args, &block| meth.bind(self).call(*args, &block) }
    remove_method(name)
    include self::InstanceMethods
  end
end

This is also conveniently packaged in a library called metamorph, which allows you to have mixin methods override class methods by just requiring it.