Question

Is there a way to use grep or awk to find text files that contain both e.g. “a” and “b” but in this case “a” and “b” are on different lines?

Answer 1

Here’s a simple awk solution:

awk 'BEGIN {acnt=0; bcnt=0;} /a/ {acnt++;} /b/ {bcnt++} END { if (acnt > 0 && bcnt > 0) print "Matches"; }' $FILE

A slightly simpler way is to just use grep, leveraging its return value as an indicator that the value was found:

grep -l a $FILE && grep -l b $FILE && echo "Both a and b found in $FILE"

You may want to redirect standard output, but the above should be simple and functional. You could wrap it in a loop if wanted:

files=""
for x in *; do
    grep -l a $x && grep -l b $x && files="$files $x" # assuming no spaces
done
# now you can iterate over $files