It seems like most image processing apps are done using matlab or OpenCV using C++.
Are there any other languages providing good image processing libraries?? How do they compare to matlab and opencv?
When I say languages I mean something like Java , python or even perl!
Image libraries exist for many languages
ch-image
http://cyrusharmon.org/static/projects/ch-image/doc/ch-image.xhtml
ImageJ
http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/
OpenCV Java
http://ubaa.net/shared/processing/opencv/
Python Imaging Library
http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/
But the main point is that image processing requires very good performance. A typical image contains millions of points to process. The efficiency issue is even more critical for 3d images, which are very common in medical imaging.
In practice, the main image processing libraries are written in C++ or have binding to C++.
You can take a look at this one Milena (offering python bindings). And here is a non exhaustive list of image processing libraries in C++ (each offering various binding for different languages or web services)
http://www.lrde.epita.fr/cgi-bin/twiki/view/Olena/SimilarProjects