Question

It seems logical to do some optimization around static final constants ( e.g. replace the variable with literals etc ) to improve the performance

Answer 1

For inlinable constants (strings, numbers) the compiler does behave differently, yes.

When the compiler spots a constant expression, it embeds the result of that constant expression into the code that uses it, rather than computing it each time. So if you had:

public static final int FOO = 10;
public static final int BAR = 5;

...
System.out.println(FOO * BAR);

then the constant value 50 would be directly embedded in the code.

Note that this has a versioning caveat associated with it – if you change FOO or BAR, you need to recompile everything that refers to it as well… otherwise they’ll still be using the “old” value as it will be embedded in their bytecode.