Question

I’ve been having some problems trying to implement an overloaded << operator function that can print out a std::list which is a member of one of my classes. The class looks like this:

class NURBScurve {
  vector<double> knotVector;
  int curveOrder;
  list<Point> points;
public:
  /* some member functions */
  friend ostream& operator<< (ostream& out, const NURBScurve& curve);
};

The key member variable I am interested in is the list of “Points” – this is another class that I have created which stores coordinates of a point along with associated member functions. When I try and implement the overloaded << operator function as:

ostream& operator<<( ostream &out, const NURBScurve &curve)
{
 out << "Control points: " << endl;
 list<Point>::iterator it;
 for (it = curve.points.begin(); it != curve.points.end(); it++)
    out << *it; 
 out << endl;
 return out;
}

I start to get problems. Specifically, I get the following error:
error:

no match for ‘operator=’ in ‘it = curve->NURBScurve::points. std::list<_Tp, _Alloc>::begin [with _Tp = Point, _Alloc = std::allocator<Point>]()’
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/stl_list.h:113: note: candidates are: std::_List_iterator<Point>& std::_List_iterator<Point>::operator=(const std::_List_iterator<Point>&)

I’m a bit stumped here, but I believe it has something to do with the list iterator I am using. I’m also not too confident with the notation of curve.points.begin().

If anyone can shed some light on the problem I would appreciate it. I’m at the point where I’ve been staring at the problem for too long!

Answer 1

curve is const-qualified, so curve.points is const-qualified and curve.points.begin() returns a std::list<Point>::const_iterator, not a std::list<Point>::iterator.

Containers have two begin() and end() member functions: one pair are not const-qualified member functions and return iterators, the other pair are const-qualified and return const_iterators. This way you can iterate over a container that is not const and both read and modify the elements in it, but you can also iterate over a const container with read-only access.