Question

I’ve been trying to do a regex to match and replace the occurrences of a keyword on a portion of HTML:

1. i want to match keyword and <strong>keyword</strong>
2. but <a href="someurl.html" target="_blank">keyword</a> and <a href="someur2.html">already linked keyword </a> should NOT be matched

I’m only interested in matching (and replacing) the keyword on the 1st line.

The reason I want this is to replace keyword with <a href="dictionary.php?k=keyword">keyword</s>, but ONLY if keyword it’s not already inside an <a> tag.

Any help will be much appreciated!

Answer 1

I managed to do what I wanted (without using Regex) by:

• parsing each character of my string
• removing all <a> tags (copying them to a temporary array and keeping a placeholder on the string)
• str_replace the new string in order to replace all the keywords
• repopulating the placeholders by it’s original <a> tags

Here’s the code I used, in case someone else needs it:

$str = <<<STRA
Moses supposes his toeses are roses,
but <a href="original-moses1.html">Moses</a> supposes erroneously;
for nobody's toeses are posies of roses,
as Moses supposes his toeses to be.
Ganda <span class="cenas"><a href="original-moses2.html" target="_blank">Moses</a></span>!
STRA;

$arr1 = str_split($str);

$arr_links = array();
$phrase_holder = '';
$current_a = 0;
$goto_arr_links = false;
$close_a = false;

foreach($arr1 as $k => $v)
{
    if ($close_a == true)
    {
        if ($v == '>') {
            $close_a = false;
        } 
        continue;
    }

    if ($goto_arr_links == true)
    {
        $arr_links[$current_a] .= $v;
    }

    if ($v == '<' && $arr1[$k+1] == 'a') { /* <a */
        // keep collecting every char until </a>
        $arr_links[$current_a] .= $v;
        $goto_arr_links = true;
    } elseif ($v == '<' && $arr1[$k+1] == '/' && $arr1[$k+2] == 'a' && $arr1[$k+3] == '>' ) { /* </a> */
        $arr_links[$current_a] .= "/a>";

        $goto_arr_links = false;
        $close_a = true;
        $phrase_holder .= "{%$current_a%}"; /* put a parameter holder on the phrase */
        $current_a++;
    }    
    elseif ($goto_arr_links == false) {
        $phrase_holder .= $v;
    }
}

echo "Links Array:\n";
print_r($arr_links);
echo "\n\n\nPhrase Holder:\n";
echo $phrase_holder;
echo "\n\n\n(pre) Final Phrase (with my keyword replaced):\n";
$final_phrase = str_replace("Moses", "<a href=\"novo-mega-link.php\">Moses</a>", $phrase_holder);
echo $final_phrase;
echo "\n\n\nFinal Phrase:\n";
foreach($arr_links as $k => $v)
{
    $final_phrase = str_replace("{%$k%}", $v, $final_phrase);
}
echo $final_phrase;

The output:

Links Array:

Array
(
    [0] => <a href="original-moses1.html">Moses</a>
    [1] => <a href="original-moses2.html" target="_blank">Moses</a>
)

Phrase Holder:

Moses supposes his toeses are roses,
but {%0%} supposes erroneously;
for nobody's toeses are posies of roses,
as Moses supposes his toeses to be.
Ganda <span class="cenas">{%1%}</span>!

(pre) Final Phrase (with my keyword replaced):

<a href="novo-mega-link.php">Moses</a> supposes his toeses are roses,
but {%0%} supposes erroneously;
for nobody's toeses are posies of roses,
as <a href="novo-mega-link.php">Moses</a> supposes his toeses to be.
Ganda <span class="cenas">{%1%}</span>!

Final Phrase:

<a href="novo-mega-link.php">Moses</a> supposes his toeses are roses,
but <a href="original-moses1.html">Moses</a> supposes erroneously;
for nobody's toeses are posies of roses,
as <a href="novo-mega-link.php">Moses</a> supposes his toeses to be.
Ganda <span class="cenas"><a href="original-moses2.html" target="_blank">Moses</a></span>!