Question

Javas char is 16 bit, yet Unicode have far more characters – how does Java deal with that ?

Answer 1

Java Strings are UTF-16 (big endian), so a Unicode code point can be one or two characters. Under this encoding, Java can represent the code point U+1D50A (MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL G) using the chars 0xD835 0xDD0A (String literal "\uD835\uDD0A"). The Character class provides methods for converting to/from code points.

// Unicode code point to char array
char[] math_fraktur_cap_g = Character.toChars(0x1D50A);