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Lets say I have following DB structure:
and my application needs to show the list of articles with all the details (model, product family, brand, producer). For that I would need to make more JOINs to get needed data.
Is it OK if I increase application’s performance by creating redundant FKs to the Article table like follow? Does it actually increase the performance?
Yes you can increase performance that way if you don’t want to retrieve any data of “intermediate” objects in the hierarchy. This is a common form of denormalization. Notice, that you need to be careful not to let inconsistencies slip in.
I usually set up a nightly task that verifies the denormalized data, mails errors to me and automatically fixes them. This is not hard to do and eliminates a nasty class of bugs.
A different reason why people do is is to partition all tables on the same key.