Question

Let’s say I have this trait

trait Ctx[C, V[_]]

I am unable to construct any method signature that takes a Ctx of which the second type parameter is unspecified (wildcard). E.g. this:

def test(c: Ctx[_, _]) = ()

doesn’t compile ("error: _$2 takes no type parameters, expected: one"). Neither can I do

def test(c: Ctx[_, _[_]]) = ()

("error: _$2 does not take type parameters"). What am I missing?

Answer 1

I’m able to define this one:

def test[V[X]](c:Ctx[_,V]) {}

And it seems to work ok with type inference:

scala> trait Ctx[ C, V[ _ ]]
defined trait Ctx

scala> def test[V[X]](c:Ctx[_,V]) {}
test: [V[X]](c: Ctx[_, V])Unit

scala> class P extends Ctx[Int, List]
defined class P

scala> new P
res0: P = P@1f49969

scala> test(res0)

Edit: I suspect it won’t be practical to replace Ctx to use an abstract type, but this is what I was able to do:

trait Ctx[C] { type V[X] }
class CtxOption[C] extends Ctx[C] { type V[X] = Option[X] }
class CtxList[C] extends Ctx[C] { type V[X] = List[X] }

def test(ctx:Ctx[_]) { println(ctx) }

val ctxOptInt = new CtxOption[Int]
val ctxListStr = new CtxList[String]

test(ctxOptInt)
test(ctxListStr)

val list = collection.mutable.ListBuffer[Ctx[_]]()
list += ctxOptInt
list += ctxListStr
list

Using an abstract type for V spares you the complicated (or impossible) task of figuring the type parameter syntax for a wildcard type constructor. Additionally as demonstrated in the ListBuffer example you can then handle objects where the V is a different type constructor (Option and List in my example). The first solution I provided would not allow you to do that.

Edit 2: How about?

trait AbstractCtx[C] { type W[X] }
trait Ctx[C,V[_]] extends AbstractCtx[C] { type W[X] = V[X] }
def test(ctx:AbstractCtx[_]) { println(ctx) }