Question

Looking at the code:

int i = 5;
if (i = 0)
{
  printf ("Got here\n");
}

What does the C standard have to say about what will get printed?
Or in more general terms does the assignment happen first or the comparison?

Answer 1

§6.8.4 says that the syntax for an if selection statement is:

if ( expression ) statement

Further in this section, it mentions that if the expression compares unequal to 0, then statement is executed. The expression must therefore be evaluated before it can be compared to 0. i = 0 is an expression which evaluates to 0. For further reference, see §6.5 “Expressions” with regards to §6.5.16 “Assignment operators”, in particular note this excerpt:

An assignment operator stores a value in the object designated by the left operand. An
assignment expression has the value of the left operand after the assignment, but is not an lvalue.