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Many people write LUA when referring to the programming language developed since 1993 at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio).
So what does that acronym stand for?
The programming language is named Lua, it is officially not a acronym.
Lua is a common word meaning Moon in Portuguese. The language is named like this because a previous programming language at PUC (in early development phase) was already named SOL for Simple Object Language. And since SOL means Sun in Portuguese, its successor has been named Lua as a joke.
An interesting backronym has been invented by the Lua community to ironically explain that Lua is not an acronym: LUA would stand for Lua Uppercase Accident.
Historically however, LUA used to be an acronym in Portuguese. It once meant Linguagem para Usuarios de Aplicação (Language for Application Users). The acronym was however never used in English documentation, because it would have been hard for non-Portuguese speakers to understand it.
On an other hand, Microsoft unfortunately uses LUA acronym to refer to the Least privileged User Account. This concept has nothing to do with the programming language, but contributes to a certain confusion.