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Editorial Team
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Asked: 2026-05-16T05:32:34+00:00

Nearly all browsers use a certain amount of leeway in rendering invalid HTML. For

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Nearly all browsers use a certain amount of leeway in rendering invalid HTML. For example, they would render x < y as if it were written x &lt; y because it is “clear” that the < is intended as a literal character, not part of an HTML tag.

Where can I find that logic as a separate “cleanup” module? Such a module would convert x < y to x &lt; y

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1 Answer

  1. Editorial Team

    Try looking at the source code for Tidy.

    HTML before running through Tidy:

    <html>

 <head>
  <title>boo</title>
 </head>

 <body>
   x < y
 </body>

</html>

    Same HTML after running through Tidy:

    <html>
<head>
  <meta name="generator" content=
  "HTML Tidy for Linux (vers 25 March 2009), see www.w3.org">

  <title>boo</title>
</head>

<body>
  x &lt; y
</body>
</html>

    Notice that x < y was changed to x &lt; y.

    UPDATE

    Based on your comment, you should probably use Tidy to clean up your HTML. I believe there are Tidy libraries for most of the common languages, that will clean up your HTML for you. If you are using PHP, there is PHP Tidy.

    UPDATE

    I noticed that you said you’re using C#. You can use Tidy with C# as well. Here’s something I found. I don’t develop in C# and I haven’t tried this out so YMMV:

    Fix Up Your HTML with HTML Tidy and .NET

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